A key question in decision-making is how humans arbitrate between competing learning and memory systems to maximize reward.We address this question by probing the balance between the effects, on choice, of incremental trial-and-error learning versus episodic memories of individual events.Although a rich literature has studied incremental learning i

The article describes simulations of the occurrence of stray equi-jec 7 currents in the vicinity of a SUDOP-type railway platform.Stray currents occur in the vicinity of a railway platform during the passage of a railway vehicle.In a fault-free state, all metallic parts are separated from the rail by means of a surge arrester.In the case of a break

Colorectal cancer (CRC) tends to occur at older age; however, CRC incidence rates have been rising sharply among young age groups.The increasing prevalence of obesity is recognized as hyfrodol a major risk, yet the mechanistic underpinnings remain poorly understood.Using a diet-induced obesity mouse model, we identified obesity-associated molecular

With the expansion of cities and the emergence of various urban problems, urban underground space has been developed as a solution.In China’s urban transition context, there is a need for the development of underground space in urban built-up areas.In this case-study of the central city of Nanjing, we used spatial analysis and statistical methods

Several species in Botryosphaeriaceae have been associated with grapevine trunk diseases.To evaluate the effect of water stress on infection of grapevines by Botryosphaeriaceae spp., 1-year-old Shiraz/101-14 Mgt nursery grapevine plants were planted in plastic potting bags and placed outdoors under shade netting.Five weeks after planting, vines wer